Powikłania po operacjach koloproktologicznych

*Małgorzata Kołodziejczak¹, Iwona Sudoł-Szopińska^{1, 2}, Aneta Obcowska³

Summary
Complications in colorectal surgery can be divided into general surgical complications, which can occur after any operation, and complications specific to surgery of the large intestines. Coloproctological complications can apply to operations on the anal canal or more proximal regions of the large intestines. General surgical complications are those associated with the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, renal failure, urinary incontinence, venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Complications related directly to the intervention include infection, poor wound healing, post-operative hemorrhage. This article also covers the issue of anesthesia-related complications, whether general or epidural anesthesia. Lastly complications resulting from the positioning of the patient for a proctological operation are mentioned.
The most important complications specific to colorectal surgery on the anal canal are disturbances in gas and fecal continence, recurrences of the condition, and anal canal stenosis or deformation. Complications from operations in the rectal region include anastomotic leaks, so-called low anterior rectal resection syndrome, rectal stenosis associated with anastomotic stenosis, incontinence of gases and feces, disorders of sexual function and urinary bladder dysfunction. Complications specific to set coloproctological operations were discussed in detail, like anal abscesses and fistulas, anal fissures, hemorrhoidal disease, as well as complications of rectal bulb surgery, such as syndrome of low anterior rectal resection, anastomotic leaks, sensory fecal incontinence after rectal prolapse operations, and infection (so-called pouchitis).

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