An analysis of the supporting-motoric system in male and female students of the University of Defence in Brno*

*Miroslava Přidalová¹, Jarmila Riegerová¹, Iva Dostálová¹, Miroslav Kopecký², Jan Švec¹

Summary
Summary
Introduction. The students attending the University of Defence in Brno can be considered a specific part of population with higher intensity and quantity of physical activity. They are the future adepts of our professional army whose physical efficiency should be above average. Repeated somatic measuring was performed at the beginning and at the end of the first school year thus after they had participated in physical training for 1,5 hours five times a week and more measurements followed in further school years.
Aim. The study objective was to examine the effect of physical training incorporated into the tuition on the somatic state, respectively the motoric apparatus of male and female students of the University of Defence.
Results. The results of support-motoric apparatus analysis showed mostly serious deviations from the standard concerning the state of tonic and phasic muscles, including the parameters of foot morphology. There appeared with high frequency the muscular shortenings of tonic muscles (knee and hip flexors, in some case feet) affecting the motoric stereotypes of walking. The movement in shoulder joint was accompanied by substitutional motoric stereotypes in upper limb abduction and we found as well the substitutional motoric stereotypes in lower limb extension and abduction. The determined muscular imbalances show the disrupted muscular balance both in upper and lower part of trunk and it shows the functional overloading of shoulder girdle and cervical spine.
Discussion. The state of muscular apparatus of the students attending universities with higher intensity of physical activity shows similar trend regarding the occurrence of muscular imbalances. This fact illustrates the common trait of „Homo sedentarius" - with dominancy of muscle developing activity inappropriately incorporated into lifestyle. The female students have better state of motoric apparatus, probably due to the broader spectrum of their physical activity, which is not so much of a strength type. Developing up one´s muscles is the dominating part of physical activity of male students.
Conclusion. Compensatory exercises are not a stable part of our lifestyle. The positive effect of physical training with incorporated stretching exercises was confirmed in male students of the University of Defence in 2005. In 2006, when the compensatory exercises were eliminated from the regular regime of physical training, the state of muscular apparatus in male students worsened, particularly in the lower limbs.

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