Epidemiologia chorób alergicznych wśród dzieci i młodzieży w województwie śląskim w latach 2010-2019

*Dariusz Góra¹, Natalia Figura², Marcin Gregor³

Summary
Introduction. Allergic diseases, including food allergies, are an increasingly common health problem in the societies of highly developed countries. The changing environmental conditions and lifestyle are primarily responsible for the increase in the incidence of allergic diseases. Allergic diseases are the most common chronic diseases in the developmental age population. In Poland, more than 20% of the child population is ill. Chronic allergic rhinitis is one of the most common (in Poland in 13% 6-7 year olds and 16.7% 13-14 year olds) chronic diseases in children. The epidemiology of bronchial asthma in Poland among schoolchildren is about 8% and in the world it is between 2 and 30%.
Aim. The aim of the article is to discuss the epidemiology of selected allergic diseases (morbidity and hospitalization) of children and adolescents from the Silesian Voivodeship in 2010-2019. The article includes: vasomotor and allergic rhinitis (J30), bronchial asthma (J45) and dermatitis and eczema (L20-L30)
Material and methods. In March 2021, data on morbidity and hospitalization (absolute numbers) of selected allergic diseases among children and adolescents from 0 to 19 years of age were obtained (divided into age groups: under 1, 1 to 4, 5 to 14 and 15 up to 19 years of age) from the Silesian Voivodeship. These data concern the years 2010-2019 and come from the National Health Fund ? Silesian Branch in Katowice. Then, figures were prepared that illustrate the morbidity and hospitalization of the diseases in question.
Results. Among newborns under 1 year of age, the incidence of vasomotor and allergic rhinitis was increasing from 2010 to 2014 and amounted to 409 and 514, respectively. The highest incidence of bronchial asthma (29,576) was recorded in 2015 and the lowest (16,073) in 2019 of newborns under 1 year of age, this incidence was between 217 in 2019 and 604 in 2010. The lowest (58) hospitalization for dermatitis and eczema in the group of children and adolescents aged 15-19 was recorded in 2019, and the highest (108) in 2011 and 2015.
Conclusions. It is estimated that allergies in the form of allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis are among the most common chronic diseases in the world occurring in children, which was confirmed by the analysis of morbidity and hospitalized children between 0 and 19 years of age. Childhood allergic diseases are the most common and costly group of childhood diseases.

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