Objawy oczne w przebiegu chorób tarczycy

Paweł Wójtowiec¹, Anna Wójtowiec², Tomasz Tomkalski¹

Summary
Thyroid-related ocular manifestations are typically associated with Graves’ disease.
The cause of Graves’ ophthalmopathy is not fully understood but it is believed to be autoimmune in origin. The most important risk factors are smoking and age.
Patient’s gender also plays a significant role: ophthalmopathy is more prevalent in women but men experience a more severe disease course. There are two forms of the disease: inflammatory with congestion and pain in the eyeballs and fibrotic stage with impaired eye movements and no signs of inflammation. The degree of severity of ocular lesions is determined by NO SPECS classification and activity coefficient of orbitopathy (Clinical Activity Score – CAS). Previous clinical trials have not produced satysfying answers to questions about effective treatment of orbitopathy. In order to obtain the desired results it is to first necessary to achieve euthyroidism. Treatment is usually continual and long-term.
Regimens in various centers vary, depending on their experiences. Currently the most commonly used are steroid therapy, radiation therapy and surgical decompression of the eye sockets. Surgical treatment is, however, used infrequently.

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