Editorial by the Editor-in-chief

The highlight of this quarter’s edition is a review study on pruritus ani or anal itching. Due to frequent difficulties in identifying the underlying cause of this condition, many patients only receive symptomatic treatment. As you will find out, the authors of this study, however, present a an interesting, novel approach to pruritus ani, based on the evaluation of bacterial flora and mucosal immunity and inflammatory parameters. Our History section features a review of the history of treating hemorrhoidal disease over the ages, offering a plethora of interesting information, trivia and even historical gems related to the mana

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