Etiologia, patogeneza i diagnostyka sarkoidozy – przegląd piśmiennictwa

Mariusz Stefański¹, Marianna Stefańska², Krzysztof Bruliński¹

Summary
Sarcoidosis is a disease resulting from a specific type of tissue inflammation. It can occur in any organ, but usually it begins in the lungs or the lymph nodes. It may also affect the liver, skin, heart, nervous system and kidneys. Multi-organ location, as well as diversified clinical picture and course are the main reasons for diagnostic difficulties. The diversity involves numerous systemic inflammatory diseases of connective tissue, and bacterial and viral infections. The clinical picture must be mandatorily confirmed by a histopathological examination showing the presence of noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas. Sarcoidosis occurs most often between 20 and 40 years of age. Women are more exposed to this disease. Furthermore, a family history, in which cases of sarcoidosis are reported, increases the risk of its occurrence. The probable cause of sarcoidosis is the action of a specific environmental factor – a sarcoid factor – on the immune system of genetically predisposed people, but this factor has not yet been found. It was only possible to roughly determine its properties. The subject of the study is a review of literature associated with histopathological and laboratory diagnosis and the outline of imaging methods used currently in the diagnostics of sarcoidosis.

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