Fukoidan – polisacharyd o wielokierunkowej aktywności biologicznej

Barbara Jękot¹, *Bożena Muszyńska², Tamara Mastalerz², Beata Piórecka³

Summary
Polysaccharides of natural origin play a strategic role in medicine, cosmetology and food industry. One of the most important and the best documented is their immunomodulating and anticancer activity. The best known are the polysaccharides of fungal and plant, mainly glucans β (1→3) with branching β (1→6) and β (1→4). The research for new compounds with the structure and mechanism of physiological action caused scientific interest in marine organisms, especially algae. Marine organisms are still poorly explored source of substances with great biological potential. One of the most interesting substances studied in detail is a polysaccharide – fucoidan. This compound is made of molecules of α-L-fucopyranose which can be connected by bonds 1→3 and 1→3 bonds and 1→4 occur alternately. In order to obtain the branched structure in the main chain are also attached to the rest of α-L-fucopyranose, and additionally inorganic substituents are attached – the rest of the sulfate(VI), as well as organic acids such as D-glucuronic and acetyl rest. Fukoidan for the purposes of pharmaceuticals is derived from brown algae, especially from Fucus species and tissues of echinoderms. This compound has antioxidant, immunostimulating, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and anticoagulant activity. However, depending on the organism from which it is derived fucoidan is not differing significantly in chemical structure, and the power and profile of action.

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