Zespół Eagle’a – przegląd piśmiennictwa

*Bartłomiej Iwańczyk¹, Marcin Szerszeń², Jacek Nowak², Andrzej Chmura³, Andrzej Wojtowicz¹

Summary
Eagle’s syndrome or elongated styloid process syndrome is a rare condition which occurs due to an elongated temporal styloid process and frequently coexisting stylohyoid ligament calcification. This syndrome is classified by means of W.W. Eagle clinical classification as well as radiological examination (Langlais) or the topography of the end of styloid process (O’Carroll classification). Due to non characteristic and rarely occuring symptoms, defining the frequency of the syndrome among population is difficult. Patients usually present with symptoms such as pain in the ear, throat, unilateral neck pain, and in the area around the tonsillar fossa. The pain is triggered by mouth opening, head rotation or swallowing. Despite that palpation of styloid process during examination is crucial, radiographic analysis is essential to establish diagnosis. Treatment of patients may be preservative or surgical, depending on the type of syndrome and symptoms. Eagle’s syndrome should be taken into consideration notably when patient presents with non-characteristic symptoms concering neck or viscerocranium. Selection of optimal treatment method, despite problematic diagnosis, can ensure accurate therapy of patients with symptomatic elongated styloid process syndrome. This article presents, according to latest literature, current classification, presumed patomechanisms and epidemiology concerning this illness as well as diagnostic and treatment opportunities.

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