Wpływ nawyków żywieniowych i wykształcenia rodziców na intensywność próchnicy u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym

Ewa Chorzewska, Urszula Wasilczuk, Grażyna Marczuk-Kolada, *Marta Obidzińska, Elżbieta Łuczaj-Cepowicz, Anna Kuźmiuk

Summary
Introduction. Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in children. Great influence on the development of dental caries have dietary habits especially frequency of intake fermentable carbohydrates and time of its retain in the mouth. When source of substrate is constant cariogenic bacteria produce large amount of acids and cause that demineralization process leads over the remineralization. Thus the level of health awareness of parents have a large influence on development of dental caries in children.
Aim. Aim of the study was evaluation of the intensity of caries in preschool children according to their eating habits and the influence of parents’ educational level on their health behaviors.
Material and methods. The study included 483 preschool children, aged 2.5-5.5 years old and their caregivers. Children were recruited from six kindergartens from different districts of Bialystok. Parents were asked to complete questionnaires about their children’s eating habits and the level of education of both caregivers. Dmf factor of each child was compared with answers of their parents from questionnaires. The data were statistically analyzed.
Results. The highest average value of dmf were noted in the group of children eating sweets a few times a day, it was 3.9. There were significant differences in mean number of dmf between a group of children eating sweets a few times a day, and eating occasionally (p < 0.0001), once a week (p < 0.0166) and once a day (p < 0.0001). Responding to another question 43.27% of parents admitted that their children eat after evening brushing their teeth.
The intensity of caries in this group was 3.30 and was significantly higher than the intensity of the disease in a group of children who do not eat after evening brushing teeth. The percent of children who eat after the evening brushing teeth was higher in group of mothers with less education (53.52%) compared to 39.32% children of mothers with higher education.
Conclusions. There is a relationship between the intensity of caries and eating habits in children. Increased awareness of healthy is associated with level of education.

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