Spożycie makroskładników przez dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym z Turku czynnikiem sprzyjającym rozwojowi miażdżycy*

Sylwia Merkiel, Wojciech Chalcarz

Summary
Introduction. Adequate dietary intake in preschool children is of crucial importance to the health of the whole society. This is because nutritional inadequacies in childhood favour the development of diet-related diseases later in life and food habits acquired in early childhood are very often one of the main factors of adult dietary intake. Therefore, providing adequate macronutrient intake to children in their daily diet is of greatest importance.
Aim. The aim of this study was to analyse macronutrient intake in preschool children from Turek including total water intake and macronutrient density.
Material and methods. The studied population comprised 50 children aged 4 to 6 years. Dietary intake was estimated from a food record. At preschool, the staff weighed all foods and beverages. At home, parents measured portion sizes either in grams or in typical household measures. Macronutrient intakes were calculated using Dieta 4.0 computer programme. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of the IBM SPSS Statistics computer programme, version 21.
Results. Gender had statistically significant influence only on cholesterol density. It was higher in girls than in boys, 150 mg/1000 kcal vs 129 mg/1000 kcal (p = 0.030). Among intakes of fatty acids, saturated fatty acid intake was the highest, irrespective of gender. Intakes of dietary fibre and total water were lower than AI in all of the studied children.
Conclusions. Macronutrient inadequacies in the studied preschoolers’ diets favour diet-related diseases, especially atherogenesis. These inadequacies and similar inadequacies observed in the previously studied children show the necessity to modify preschool menus and to educate parents on current nutrition recommendations.

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