Komórki macierzyste z miazgi zęba ludzkiego (DPSCs). Charakterystyka i możliwości zastosowania – przegląd piśmiennictwa

*Alicja Mackiewicz¹, Tomasz Lekszycki², Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk¹

Summary
The dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are the fraction of the mesenchymal stem cells and can be characterized by the properties of all stem cells, such as self-renewal, multipotential character and the presence of the STRO-1 receptor on their surface. DPSCs possess the ability to secrete the components of the extracellular matrix and the dentine building proteins. They are mainly isolated from young human teeth, such as the completely impacted third molars. The cells identification covers colony forming tests, phenotypic assays, behavioral aspects and specific surface markers testing. Isolated and tested cells may be kept in liquid nitrogen using the cryopreservation technique for up to 6 months. Different culture conditions provide multiple differentiation modes, which enables obtaining specific progenitor cells. DPSCs may be used in various medicine disciplines, as well as in dentistry. Nowadays, the DPSCs have become an attractive source for tissue engineering using different biological scaffolds. The scaffolds are three-dimensional structures providing an ideal framework and morphogenic molecules constituents for the cells. Their application covers the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, ex. the Parkinson disease, the regenerative endodontics and the post-traumatic treatment of young permanent teeth in the revascularization method. They also provide a great source of cells used in regenerative tissue engineering. The banking of the cells is also available via cryopreservation. In dentistry, DPSCs decide for the pulps regenerative and defensive potential and are the future of the regenerative dentistry as well as an ideal scientific research material.

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