Ocena aktywności olejku eterycznego z Cannabis sativa L. wobec bakterii beztlenowych

*Anna Kędzia¹, Marta Ziółkowska-Klinkosz¹, Barbara Kochańska², Andrzej W. Kędzia^3,Alina Gębska¹

Summary
Cannabis sativa L. is an annual herbaceous plant, belonging to the family Cannabinaceae. More then 525 constituents have been identified from Cannabis. These are mainly volatile terpenes and sesquiterpenes. Plant contains Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol, α-terpinene, myrcene, trans-β-ocimene, α-terpinolene, α-humulene, trans-caryophyllene and cannabichromene. Cannabis sativa possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic activity. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of cannabis essential oil against anaerobic bacteria. The strains of anaerobes were isolated from various infections of oral cavity. A total of 33 anaerobic bacteria and 6 reference strains were tested. Investigation was carried out using the plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Inoculum contained 10⁵ CFU per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with various oil concentrations as well as upon that no oil added (anaerobic strains growth control). Incubation the plates was performed in anaerobic conditions, in anaerobic jar, in 37°C for 48 hours. MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of the cannabis oil inhibiting the growth of tested anaerobes. The results indicated that the Cannabis sativa essential oil was active against the 27 (82%) tested strains of anaerobic bacteria to the concentrations from ranges ≤ 0.8-12.5 mg/ml. The strains of Prevotella and Porphyromonas were sensitive to the concentrations in ranges from 3.1 to 6.2 mg/ml. The strains of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium were the lowest sensitive (MIC ≥ 12.5 mg/ml). The oil was very active against the all Gram-positive anaerobes. The concentrations in ranges from ≤ 0.8 to 3.1 mg/ml inhibited the growth of 100% of the cocci and rods tested. The Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria were the more susceptible to cannabis essential oil than the Gram-negative.

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