Ocena wiedzy kobiet ciężarnych na temat aktywności fizycznej w ciąży

Dorota Torbè¹, *Andrzej Torbè², Konrad Kregiel¹, Dorota Ćwiek³, Zbigniew Szych⁴

Summary
Introduction. The significance of regular gymnastics, as well as of other physical exercises during pregnancy is already commonly recognized. Pregnant women waiting for a baby should have such awareness, gaining simultaneously the motivation to this activity.
Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate women’s knowledge about physical activity during pregnancy.
Material and methods. One hundred pregnant women were being polled on their knowledge about: meaning of physical activity in pregnancy, the sources of its recruiting, time of beginning the exercises, their frequency and the kind, contraindications and the assessment of their own knowledge in this field. The analysis was performed according to the age, education level, parity, marital status, physical activity before pregnancy and the attendance at prenatal classes.
Results. Pregnant women more frequently thought that physical exercises should begin before pregnancy and that they should be repeated 2-3 times weekly. They declared the knowledge of contraindications against exercises and significantly more often recognized physical activity in pregnancy as much-needed. The internet was the main source of information, then in further order books, guides, women’s press and the experiences of other women. According to respondents particularly and equally appropriate for pregnants are home gymnastics, fitness and swimming.
Only women of primary education more often than those of high education, considered the commencement of exercises in the third trimester of pregnancy as appropriate, while participants of prenatal classes considered the second trimester as optimal. Women of primary education more frequently than those of higher education level negated the need for physical activity in pregnancy. The similar opinion was presented by women who did not participate in prenatal classes. Women at age 26-29 years in relation to younger, women of high education in comparison to those of primary education and participants of prenatal classes in comparison to those without such courses significantly more often thought that physical exercises in pregnancy should be repeated 2-3 times weekly. On the other hand, pregnants who did not participate in prenatal education and women of primary education had not knowledge about the frequency of exercises. The knowledge about contraindications for exercises was better among participants of prenatal classes and among over 30 years old women, while ignorance in this subject was more common in women of primary education.
The status of knowledge about physical activity in pregnancy was unsatisfied in unmarried women, women of primary education and in women who were not too much active before pregnancy, but it was assessed as good by women who delivered twice in comparison to primiparas.
Conclusions. The status of women’s knowledge about the need and possibilities of physical exercises in pregnancy is unsatisfactory. Particularly low level of this knowledge is represented by women younger than 25 years old, primiparas, unmarried and those of only primary level of education. There is need to create an educational program to encourage women to undertake regular physical activity in pregnancy, including simultaneously activation of medical services in this process.

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