Aktywność przeciwgrzybicza olejku ekaliptusowego (Oleum eucalypti)

*Anna Kędzia¹, Marta Ziółkowska-Klinkosz¹, Barbara Kochańska², Aida Kusiak³, Anna Wojtaszek-Słomińska⁴, Andrzej W. Kędzia⁵

Summary
Eucalyptus globulus Lab. (Myrtaceae) was discovered on the Tasmania by French explores in 1972. It was one of the first eucalypt species to be formally described. Now cultivated in many other countries, including Australia, Brazil, Spain, Portugal, India, China and South Africa. The genus name of the tree comes from the Greek words “eu” (well), and “calyptus” (covered), and refers to its flowers that, in bud are covered with a cup-like membrane. Eucalyptus globulus is the main source of eucalyptus oil. The oil is colourless and has a quite characteristic smell. The principial constituents is 1,8-cineole. Other compounds found in the oil include cineole, α- and β-pinene, camphene. α-phellandrene, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, β-myrcene, limonene and aromadendrene. Eucalyptus oil has been used as a flavouring agents for mouth rinses, dentifrices, and for treatment of respiratory tract infection (in cold, bronchitis acute and chronic, pharyngitis and sinusitis). The main properties of eucalyptus oil include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Taken internally, oil has mucolytic and expectorant actions. Other external uses include treatment of acne, rheumatism, arthritis and as insecticide. Research data has demonstrated that the eucalyptus oil exhibited antimicrobial activities. The antibacterial activity of essential oil has been due to the constituents such as 1,8-cineole, camphene, p-cymene, α-pinene, γ-pinene, globulol and aromadendrene.
The sensitivity to eucalyptus oil of 34 strains yeastlike fungi isolated from patients with candidosis, denture and orthodontic wearers, respiratory tract infections and 5 reference strains were investigates. The susceptibility of Candida strains was determined by means plate dilution technique in Saboraud’s agar. The inoculum containing 10⁵ CFU per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar containing and without eucalyptus oil agar plates (the strains growth control). Incubation the agar plates was performed in aerobic conditions at 37°C for 24 hrs. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of oil that completely inhibited growth of tested strains. The results showed, that the most susceptible to oil were strains from the genus of Candida guilliermondi and C. parapsilosis. The growth of all tested strains was inhibited by concentrations of 1.25 to 2.5 mg/ml. The lowest sensitive were the strains from genus C. tropicalis (MIC for 80% strains = 7.5 mg/ml). The eucalyptus oil showed moderate antifungal activity vs. the Candida strains (MIC in ranges 1.25-7.5 mg/ml).

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