Retinopatia wcześniaków – aktualna wiedza na temat patogenezy, diagnostyki i leczenia

*Anna Gotz-Więckowska¹, Marta Pawlak¹, Janusz Gadzinowski²

Summary
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the most important causes of blindness in children today. Despite many years of scientific work on its pathogenesis, improving screening protocols and methods of treatment, it remains one of the leading challenges of pediatric ophthalmology worldwide.
The most important etiologic factors contributing to ROP are low gestational age and to a lesser extent small birth weight. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen saturation higher than 98% are also considered as very important.
ROP occurs in children born before 32 week of gestational age. Cases of ROP in children born after 32 week of gestational age are described occasionally and usually in children with other accompanying severe diseases and prolonged oxygen therapy.
Screening protocols in Poland differ significantly from screening protocols used worldwide.
The object of treatment of retinopathy of prematurity is to inhibit fibrovascular proliferations. Photocoagulation with laser diode is nowadays considered the best method of treatment. For several years intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are also used off-label, in very severe cases.

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