Adiuwanty – substancje stymulujące odpowiedź immunologiczną – część I

Aleksandra Krause, Paulina Górska, Janusz Ślusarczyk

Summary
Adjuvants are substances which enhance humoral as well as cellular immunological response to an antigen. Since more than 60 years they are used as immunostimulators in different preparations administered to acquire active immunization. Many different experiments proved that adjuvants improve effectiveness of vaccines and allergen preparations, nonetheless absolutely safe adjuvants still does not exist. Adjuvants may cause different adverse reactions, i.e. local acute or chronic inflammation, angioedema, immunosuppression, and even anaphylactic shock. Therefore new adjuvant formulas, more effective and safer are being developed. In the first part of the paper entitled "Adjuvants – substances stimulating immunological response” effects and mechanisms of action of adjuvants currently used, as well as experimental ones are described. Main groups of these substances were characterized with regard to their physico-chemical properties, such as mineral compounds, emulsions and saponines, many different adjuvant formulas were also specified, among others aluminum compounds, SAF, MF59, Quil A, QS-21, or immunostimulating complex ISCOMs.

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