Metody przenoszenia informacji genetycznej i ich wpływ na zdrowie człowieka

*Paweł Kowalczyk¹, Urszula Jankiewicz²

Summary
HGT (called Horizontal Gene Transfer) consists of the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another of the same type (common in prokaryotic between different bacterial species), between cells or between other unrelated organisms (found in eukaryotes). In 1984, then called HGT concepts as interspecies gene flow introduced Michael Syvanen and it gradually developed. This type of transfer is inseparably connected with the concept of a broad host range (between prokaryotic and eukaryotic) when the body can transfer genes of representatives of different species and even generations. The adsorption of the bacteriophage to the cellular surface of its host unleashes a cascade of reaction, the final product being the formation of new virions and infection of new cells. Most important aspects of the bacteriophage development cycle concern the conditions in which the metabolic apparatus of the host is being taken over by the virus and the assembly and formation of new bacteriophages. Head maturation is a complex process which requires many different structural proteins and enzymes to interact together. Proteases responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of structural and scaffolding are poorly described and still require research. Despite intensified studies there is still little information about substrate specificity, optimal conditions for enzyme activity or the regulation of activity in vivo.

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