Wrażliwość bakterii beztlenowych na olejek cytrynowy (Oleum Citri)

*Anna Kędzia¹, Marta Ziółkowska-Klinkosz¹, Adam Włodarkiewicz², Aida Kusiak³, Andrzej W. Kędzia⁴, Barbara Kochańska⁵

Summary
Citrus limon L. belongs to family Rutaceae. The lemon tree is an evergreen. Its grows 5 to 10 m in hight and has light green leaves, white flowers and oval, green to yellow fruits (lemon). The lemon oil exhibit significant antimicrobial effect. More then 40 components have been identified in lemon peel oil. One of the major components present in essential oil is (+)-limonen. Other constituents of oil include citral, α-terpineol, α-pinene, β-pinene, citronellal, linalyl and geranyl acetate, p-cymene, γ-pinene, β-myrcene, cumarins, bioflavonoids and pectins. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of lemon oil against anaerobic bacteria, isolated from infections of oral cavity. A total of 48 strains anaerobes and 4 standards strains were tested. The susceptibility was determined two fold agar dilution method in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Inoculum containing 10⁵ CFU per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with oil and without oil (strains growth control). Incubation the plates was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jar at 37°C for 48 h. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of the lemon oil inhibiting the growth of anaerobes. The results indicated, that the most susceptible to essential oil from Gram-negative bacteria were the strains from the genus of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (MIC ≤ 2.5 mg/ml) and Prevotella levii (MIC ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml). The strains from genus of Fusobacterium necrogenes and Bacteroides fragilis were the lowest sensitive. The growth of the strains were inhibited by concentrations > 20.0 mg/ml. The tested oil was very active against the Gram-positive anaerobes. The concentrations in ranges ≤ 2.5-10.0 mg/ml inhibited the growth of all the cocci from genus Finegoldia and Micromonas.
But the strains of Gram-positive rods were less sensitive (MIC 10.0-20.0 mg/ml). The Gram-negative anaerobes were less susceptible to lemon oil than Gram-positive bacteria.

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