Czy leczenie ortodontyczne aparatami stałymi stanowi zagrożenie dla tkanek przyzębia? Przegląd literatury

*Ewa Czochrowska¹, Renata Górska²

Summary
Introduction: The presence of malocclusion and traumatic occlusion, especially crowding and overlapping of teeth, can lead to the progression of periodontal disease. Fixed orthodontic appliances, because of their construction, are responsible for increased plaque accumulation, that can be risk factor for teeth and periodontal tissues.
Aim: A literature review on the effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on gingiva, clinical attachment level and pocket depth, supra- and subgingival bacteria and cytokines was performed.
Results and conclusions: Fixed orthodontic appliances are related to the progression of gingivitis and periodontitis. Also the increase in the supra- and subgingival number of bacteria and the shift towards more patogenic bacteria species is observed. During the initial phases of the orthodontic tooth movement inflammatory reaction in the periodontal tissues is observed, that is regulated by different inflammatory mediators, as neurotransmitters and cytokines. The key factor is the control of the plaque accumulation in patients using fixed appliances, that should be at least satisfactory before the start of the orthodontic treatment. In patients with good oral hygiene during the orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, no destruction of the periodontal tissues, regression of the initial inflammation and no differences in the periodontal parameters before and after orthodontic treatment was observed.

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