Skład chemiczny algi brązowej Fucus vesiculosus L.

*Anna Pielesz

Summary
Biologically active compounds of brown algae Fucus vesiculosus L. possess unique physical–chemical and pharmacological properties and are widely used in medicine, pharmacy, biotechnology, cosmetology and the food industry. The contents of the following components were analyzed: total sum of lipids complex compounds, extractable water-soluble compounds, polysaccharides: alginate, alginic acid, fucoidan (fucan sulfate), a fucose-containing sulfonated polysaccharide, chlorophyll content, vitamin (A, D, E, K, C, B₁) and melatonin identification. Determination of total sum of lipid and extractable water-soluble compounds in Fucus vesiculosus L. was carried out by determination of the sum fraction by the dry weight method. Spectrophotometric method was adopted to determination of chlorophyll content in Fucus vesiculosus L. For qualitative identification of vitamin (A, D, E, K, C, B₁) and melatonin the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method was exploited. Cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis was adopted to identify alginate, alginic acid and fucoidan in Fucus vesiculosus L. As a result of the present study, it was revealed that the sum of water-soluble extractable compounds is higher in Fucus vesiculosus L. Flos than in Fucus vesiculosus L. Witherba. The sum of lipids is higher in Fucus vesiculosus L. Flos than in Fucus vesiculosus L. Witherba. The chlorophyll concentration in the extract is calculated by reading the absorption of the pigment extract in a spectrophotometer and the chlorophyll concentration is higher in Fucus vesiculosus L. Flos than in Fucus vesiculosus L. Witherba for acetone solvent. In the chosen solvents system and with the aid of standards applications, it was possible to identify on the chromatogram such vitamins as A, D, E, C. Electrophoretic examinaton of fucoidan in bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus L., as presented in this study, are very promising. The preliminary tests allowed for separating and identifying fucoidan extraction in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. The advantage of this study is developing a simple, repeatable analytic procedure using modern but inexpensive apparatus for cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis.

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