Lekopochodny przerost dziąseł – przegląd literatury

*Jan Kowalski

Summary
Paper describes present state of knowledge regarding drug-induced gingival overgrowth. It may be caused by one of the 3 medicaments: phenytoin used in the epilepsy treatment, cyclosporine administered to patients after organ transplants, and calcium channel blockers used in the patients with hypertension. Overgrown tissue is compact and fibrous, opposing to the situation taking place during inflammatory process, when hypertrophic gingiva is characterised by fibrous connective tissue degradation. Drug induced overgrowth may be minimal and affecting interdental papilla only, nut in extreme cases hypertrophic tissues can cover occlusal surfaces of the teeth, making proper eating and speaking impossible. This situation may be also a serious cosmetic issue. Epidemiological data is unequivocal, according to various sources overgrowth may affect several to tens percent of recipients of mentioned drugs. Undoubtedly several endogenous and environmental factors influence that state. Overgrowth occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, more often affects area of central or lateral incisors, usually appears during first three months of administration of medicaments mentioned above, which induce overgrowth. Not to underestimate is the role of oral hygiene state in incidence and progress of gingival hypertrophia. It turns out that bacterial infection influences greatly both occurrence and rate of overgrowth process, though increased dental biofilm accumulation May be als the effect, not the cause. This paper reports potential factors leading to gingival tissue hypertrophy, as well as possible patomechanisms of the overgrowth.

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