Mioterapia w leczeniu wad ortodontycznych – zasady stosowania

*Waldemar Ćwirzeń¹, Magdalena Szepietowska¹, Marianna Miazek-Wagner²

Summary
Myotherapy is the first stage of orthodontic treatment. It has aimed at prevention by enhancing factors having positive effect on the body (breast feeding, introducing solid food and chewing) as well as at elimination of malocclusion in early childhood. The effectiveness of prevention from malocclusions depends on good knowledge concerning each stage of growth. Prophylaxis includes already foetal and lasts till late childhood. Elimination of improper functions an extremely important part of prophylaxis. Their intensification takes place particularly in early childhood when dynamic growth occurs. Among these we can list: infantile swallowing, lack of proper chewing function, mouth breathing, sucking dummies, a thumb or lips. Functional disharmonies (improper speech, hypertrophy of adenoids, carries in primary dentition) together with improper dental contacts (deviation of mandibule during opening) fix the malocclusions during further development.
Appropriate exercises of stomatognatic muscles shorten second phase of orthodontic treatment, allow to diminish number of tooth extractions and positively influence the stability of treatment. Orthodontic prophylactic examination may be completed by using simple appliances (buccal screen, Kraus shield, Friel's disc, space maintainers, splint with inclined plane) and selective cutting of dental cusps. Severe malocclusions can be avoided after myotherapy in some part of patients. Myotherapy is indicated in cases of acquired functional malocclusions of class II, III, transversal and vertical disharmonies, while educating the patient how to breathe through the nose and during trainings eliminating infantile swallowing. The exercises make sense only when the positive outcome of functional test is obtained. All the exercises should be performed with the assistance of an adult, in front of the mirror, at the same time, 2-3 times a day, with gradual increase of repetitions. Orthodontic myotherapy improves the evolution and function of oral cavity.

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