Analiza fitochemiczna korzeni hakorośli rozesłanej ( Harpagophytum procumbens DC.)

*Tadeusz Wolski, Tomasz Baj, Agnieszka Ludwiczuk, Kazimierz Głowniak, Radosław Niedźwiecki

Summary
In the present paper the phytochemical analysis of Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens DC.) roots concerning analysis of iridoid derivatives, flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins was described. The content of the major active compound, harpagoside, in the plant material and pharmaceutical preparation named Pagosid, was determined. Quantitative analysis was performed by use of spectrophotometric, TLC and HPLC methods. The content of harpagoside in Harpagophyti radix amounted 1.25% (determined by spectrophotometric method), 1.29% (TLC) and 2.17% (HPLC), while in tablets Pagosid 0.77%, 0.99% and 0.87%, respectively. These data indicated that Devil's Claw roots meet the requirements of European Pharmacopoeia (not less than 1.2% of harpagoside) and DAB 10 (not less than 1%). The content of harpagoside in Pagosid was below both pharmacopoeias requirements. Qualitative analysis of the flavonoids did not show the presence of free aglycones in plant material, while the presence of luteolin, kaempherol and flavone glycosides was confirmed. The total content of flavonoids in Harpagophyti radix recalculated into quercetin was 0.01%. Analysis of phenolic acids showed the presence of cinnamic, ferulic, p-coumaric, chlorogenic, caffeic and protocatechuic acids. Additionally, gallic acid was identified in the fraction received after hydrolysis of Devil's Claw roots. The content of tannins in the investigated raw material amounted 5.53% recalculated into dry matter. Qualitative analysis of this group of compounds showed the absence of catechin derivatives, while the presence of gallotannins and caffeic acid derivatives was confirmed. It is worthy of mention that spectrophotometric determination of the harpagoside content using Godin reagent at 540 nm have been applied for the first time. Described method can be used for screening determination of the content of harpagoside in plant material and pharmaceutical preparations.

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