Aktualne kierunki badań nad polimorfizmem genów warunkujących choroby zapalne przyzębia

Andrzej Miskiewicz¹, Grzegorz Szparecki²

Summary
The periodontitis group consists of inflammatory diseases in tissues surrounding structure of the tooth, which contribute to its proper location and physiological as well as morphological norm. Peridontium diseases occur as an effect of disturbance in balance between role of plaque pathogens and immunological response of the host. This balance is constitutively influenced by so called risk factors, such as: age, sex, social status, addictions, general diseases (for instance diabetes mellitus), hygiene of the oral cavity as well as genetic factors. Stronger influence of inflammation results in loss of connective tissue fibers and proteolysis of periodontium fibers and osseous tissue of alveolar process, what leads to pathological mobility of teeth and hemorrhage during clinical examination.
According to the current state of knowledge genetic background modulate immunological response of the host to microorganisms colonizing the plaque. This statement was the beginning of vehement development of research in this branch of knowledge during the last twenty years. The most spectacular discovery of this period was the correlation between IL-1alfa and beta genes and periodontium diseases susceptibility.
Therefore, as far as up-to-date state of science allows such conclusion, it is justified to claim that susceptibility to periodontitis is determined by genotype. However the role of specific polymorphisms of specific genes in genome working as a whole in particular individual or racial/ethnic population is not yet clarified and requires further research.

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