Zakażenia chlamydialne jako interdyscyplinarny problem kliniczny. Rys historyczny, mikrobiologia, immunologia

*Maciej Osiński

Summary
Diseases caused by Chlamydia are well-known in numerous branches of medicine. They are significant in ophthalmology, pulmonology, venereology, dermatology, gynecology and obstetrics, urology, andrology, rheumatology, nefrology, pediatrics, neonatology and cardiology. Chlamydial magnitude is still an object of research. Chlamydia psittaci causes psittacosis (ornithosis). Chlamydia trachomatis causes the largest amount of diseases from all chlamydial infections. In species Chlamydia trachomatis about 18 different serovars occur. Serovars A, Ba and C are factors causing trachoma. Serovars: D – K cause oculogenital infections such as: NGU (nongonococcal urethritis), PGU – (postgonococcal urethritis), nongonococcal cervicitis, inclusion conjunctivitis, prostatitis, urethral stricture, epididymitis, urethral syndrome, vaginitis (extremely rarely), Bartholinitis, PID – pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, salpingitis, ovaritis (extremely rarely), Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, tubule – interstinal nephritis and uveitis syndrome, conjunctivitis, chlamydial pneumonia in infants, proctitis, arthiritis reactiva, Reiter's syndrome, endocarditis. Serovars D-K (oculogenital) may cause infection of genital tract leading to, both male and female, infertility. It is very dangerous, due to fact, that these infections may be asymptomatic. Research revealed that many cases of so-called idiopathic infertility were connected to oculogenital Ch. trachomatis infection. Serovars L1, L2, L2a, L3 cause LGV – lymphogranuloma venereum. Numerous diseases caused by different species of Chlamydia show us, why they are so highly important clinical and interdisciplinary problem.

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