Determinacja płci komórek germinalnych – molekularny mechanizm indukcji mejozy

© Borgis - Medycyna Rodzinna 2/2010, s. 39-45

*Rafał Piotr Piprek

Summary
Germinal sex determination, switching either oo- or spermatogenesis, consists of induction or suppression of meiosis in fetal gonads. For a long time, research has been focused on searching for substances that either induce meiosis or prevent it. It appears that in mice meiosis is induced by retinoic acid which deffuses to gonads from mesonephros. In the early ovary retinoic acid induces the expression of genes driving meiosis. While in the testis germ cells are tightly enclosed by Sertoli cells which degrade retinoic acid owing to CYP26B1 enzyme. Some data suggest the existence of other factors that influence the sex of germinal cells and show that germ cell fate at the embryonic stage is subordinate to the inner gonadal environment. Research on germinal sex are benefited from in vitro cultures and genetic techniques resulting in sex reversals and contribute to understanding of the molecular mechanisms of germ cell tumors.

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