Rodzaj Panax – systematyka, skład chemiczny, działanie i zastosowanie oraz analiza fitochemiczna nadziemnych i odziemnych organów żen-szenia amerykańskiego – Panax quinquefolium L. Metody ekstrakcji i analizy związków fenolowych. Cz. III.

*Tadeusz Wolski, Agnieszka Ludwiczuk, Tomasz Baj, Kazimierz Głowniak

Summary
In presented work the characteristic of phenolic compounds and their pharmacological action and application were shown. The work contains own research concerning methods of extraction and analysis of fraction of phenolic compounds: phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins which occurred in Panax quinquefolium L. In presented work procedures of obtaining phenolic compounds extracts in by solid–fluid and fluid–fluid methods and their qualitative and quantitative analysis were examined. The qualitative analysis was performed by chromatographic methods TLC and HPLC, quantitative analysis of phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins was performed by spectroscopic methods, whereas analysis of fraction of tannins by titrimetric-weight method. The quantitative analysis of fenolic compounds revealed that both leaves and roots of Panax quinquefolium are characterized by high content tannins fraction (roots 11.3%, leaves 9.9%). However content of phenolic acids concerns mainly leaves, in which content of these compounds are about 0.2%. The content of phenolic acids was not very high about 0.1%. The analysis of fraction of fenolic compounds shown presence of rutin in the roots and hyperoside, quercetin and isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside in the leaves. Among flavonoids aglycones the isorhamnetin in the leaves and kaempferol and quercetin in the roots were identified. The TLC i HPLC analysis of spare phenolic acids present in the examined raw material shown presence of protocatechuic and salicylic acids, while after hydrolyse (acid and alkaline) some acids: protocatechuic, p-coumaric, ferulic, salicylic and p-hydroxybenzoic and caffeic acid in the roots and in the leaves were identified. The qualitative analysis of tannins fraction were not shown in both both leaves and roots presence of condensed tannins. The chromatographic analysis of tannins fraction after acid hydrolyse were showed shown in both leaves and roots presence of protocatechuic, gentisic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids, and additionally in the leaves p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

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