Rodzaj Rhodiola – systematyka, skład chemiczny, działanie i zastosowanie oraz analiza fitochemiczna korzeni dwu gatunków różeńca: Rhodiola rosea L. oraz Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fish et Mey

*Tadeusz Wolski, Tomasz Baj, Agnieszka Ludwiczuk, Kazimierz Głowniak, Gabriela Czarnecka

Summary
The taxonomy of Rhodiola genus was described in this research (work). That the genus consists from over 200 different species. Furthermore chemical composition, effectiveness and application of species of Rhodiola genus were introduced with particular allowance of Rhodiola rosea species. Pharmacological active substances responsible for advantages of that plant are poliphenolic compounds: phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins The most known are: rosine, rosavine, rhodioline, salidroside and p-thyrosol. The biological compounds occurring in Rhodiola rosea reveal multidirectional pharmaceutical activity: anti-stress, anti-dejection, they have good influence on heart muscle, and also act as anticancer, immunostimulant and antioxidant. In the next part of this research phytochemical assay two species Rhodiola: R. rosea and R. quadrifida was introduced. The subject of analysis were three group of substances: phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins selection of optimal extraction method, pointing out proper suitable concentration of dissolvent and temperature which provide the highest consist of analyzed group of compounds. The assay was carried out by reflux extraction method (KOS), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE).The comparison method of extraction showed that the ASE metod, carried out with 100% methanol for phenolic acids and flavonoids in temperature 100°C, and in 80°C, for anthocyanins distinguishes the best efficiency. In proportion contents of sum of flavonoids in roots of R.rosea was 4.33%, whereas in roots of R. quadrifida was 1.18%. In proportion contents of sum of phenolic acids in roots of R. quadrifida – was little higher and was 1.67%, and in R. rosea – 1.25%. Indication of proportionally content anthocyanins in roots of R. quadrifida, analyzed by method with different pH (Method 2) gave value 16.65%, and in R. rosea 4.92%. The results obtained by spectroscopic method (Method 1) were much lower: 7.84% for R. quadrifida and 0.5%. for R. rosea.

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