Roślinne produkty naturalne jako blokery kanałów wapniowych układu sercowo-naczyniowego

Aleksandra Chrobot, *Adam Matkowski

Summary
Calcium channel blockers are an important group of cardiovascular drugs. They inhibit the calcium influx into the smooth muscle cells and the cardiomyocytes, thus decreasing the contractibility. They act as negative chronotropic and inotropic agents. The physiological effects are: reduced blood pressure, improvement of coronary and peripheral circulation, as well as antiarrythmic activity.
In the recent years, numerous studies have confirmed that many ethnomedicinal plant natural products used in cardiovascular diseases, exhibit the ability to inhibit the calcium channels in vascular and heart muscle cells. Additionally, these compounds can modulate the intracellular calcium by inhibition of the release from ER. As the result, they cause the analogous pharmacological effects as the established synthetic Ca-blockers.
Besides, most plant derived drugs have multidirectional influence on human physiology, which extends their activity spectrum.
Calcium channel blocker of plant origin are from the chemical structure point of view very variable.
Following groups can be distinguished:
1. Alkaloids:
– aporphine - nantenine i liriodenine,
– bis-benzyl-isoquinoline - tetrandrine, fangquinoline, dauricine, daurisoline, nepherine i hernandesine,
– indole - hirsutine and Himalanthus lancifolius (Apocynaceae) alkaloids
– pyrazine - ligustrazine.
2. Triterpene saponins: ginsenosides.
3. Isoflavones: genistein, daidzein, equol i puerarin.
4. Coumarins and furanochromon derivatives: khelline, visnagin and visnadin.
5. Terpenoids: ginkgolides, marrubenol i S-petasine.
6. Miscellaneous: resveratrol, hinokiol, magnolol and butylidenephthalide.
Several studies indicate the calcium antagonist activity in other plants such as: Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Lamiaceae) i Dalbergia odorifera (Leguminosae). However, the information of chemical structures responsible for that activity is still not available.
The calcium blockers of plant origin have great potential as cardiovascular drugs but only few are sufficiently documented clinically. Most of them have been investigated in vitro or in animal studies. In the near future, the importance and consumption of the plant complementary medicines would most likely increase, as soon as more consistent clinical data become available.

To jest tylko fragment artykułu. Aby przeczytać całość, przejdź do Czytelni medycznej.