Rzepień pospolity ( Xanthium strumarium L.) – surowiec zielarski o wielokierunkowym działaniu farmakologicznym. Analiza fitochemiczna związków fenolowych

*Tadeusz Wolski, Wanda Zwolan, Anna Lewandowska

Summary
The present work consists of two parts. In the first part the literature review relating to rough cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) was presented. There were depicted data concerning the origin of the genus Latin name, dissemination of the plant and characterization of its anatomy and morphology. The survey of chemical composition provide information on tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, ethereal oil, sterols, triterpenes, alkaloids, sesquiterpene lactones, carboxyatractyloside and mineral compounds, such as iodine. Furthermore multidirectional pharmacological effects of rough cocklebur were described. Xanthium strumarium L. is used as a medicine in folk and traditional medicine of many cultures all over the world. From among pharmacological actions which Xanthium tells the most valuable consider: antibacterial, also against Helicobacter pylori, fungistatic, cytostatic, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic and diuretic.
In experimental part of the paper analysis of polyphenolic compounds presented in vegetative and generative parts of Xanthium strumarium L. was introduced. The results of TLC analysis showed presence, in the fraction of glycosylated forms: izoquercitrin, hyperoside, luteolin 7-glucoside and rutoside; in the fraction of aglicons: luteolin and quercitin. Determination of composition of tannins fraction contain analysis of free phenolic acids and their quantity after acidic hydrolysis. As a consequence of these analysis were identified: before hydrolysis – cafeic acid, ferulic acid and gallic acid, after hydrolysis – chlorogenic acid, cafeic acid and gallic acid.

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