Ostre zatrucia u dzieci

*Helena Ziółkowska

Streszczenie
Acute poisonings in children remain an unsolved medical and social problem. It represents a frequent cause of admission in pediatric and emergency departments. A number of toxins acting on the autonomic nervous system can produce a mixed clinical picture because of effects on several receptors. Changing clinical picture and treatment creates a need for continuous update of knowledge in this scope. This paper presents issues of frequency, etiology, clinical presentation and treatment of acute poisonings in children. Author present an update of highly toxic medications (by Koren et al.) that can kill a toddler with 1-2 dose units as such. The four most commonly implicated substance categories, include drugs (paracetamol, antidepressants), cosmetics and personal care products, cleaning substances, and plants. In children younger than 5 years of age the poisonings are unintentional. Parents can prevent many of accidents by identifying, adequately storing and locking away toxic material. Female sex and teen age are the highest risk factor of self-poisonings. Children suspected of having ingested a potentially dangerous substance can be managed in hospital. The general management of poisonings: preventing absorption, enhancing excretion, specific antidotes, and supportive management are discussed in article. Author discussed in detail the most frequent poisonings: paracetamol, aspirin, iron, and carbon monoxide. Acute poisoning in children remains a frequent problem, highlighting the need to develop an education programme for parents.

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