Zjawisko apoptozy w błonie śluzowej żołądka

Maciej Potyrała¹, Barbara Iwańczak¹, Marta Rzeszutko²

Streszczenie
Homeostasis and development of metazoans organism depend on balance between proliferation and elimination of cells-programmed death (apoptosis). Apoptosis plays important role in physiology and pathology of diegestive system in human, and also influence damage of organs during diseases. Apoptosis is regulated both by extra and intracellular factors.
In stomach spare cells are eliminated with apoptosis. In chronic gastritis the number of apoptotic cells increases. This phenomenon is observed in different types of chronic gastritis. TNF-R and CD95 – receptors on the surface of gastric epithelial cells activate apoptosis. Such specific ligands as CD95L i TNFa or some intracellular proteins, like family Bcl-2 proteins, regulate the process of apoptosis in chronic gastritis. H. pylori activates apoptosis either directly or by complex cytokine system. Chronic gastritis lasting for years results in gastric atrophy, it could be accompanied by intestinal type metaplasia – established precancerosus condition. The total cell turnover in intestinal metaplasia is moderately increased. The proliferation zone in metaplastic glands is moved toward the fundus. Apoptosis is more intense in the glands with incomplete metaplasia compare to those with complete metaplasia. This fiding could be in relation to increased elimination of cells with damaged DNA. Dysregulation of apoptosis in the DNA-damaged cells could result in the development of neoplastic processes.

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