Szczepienia dzieci przeciwko grypie

Grażyna Dulny

Streszczenie
Influenza decease is known from ancient times, however the influenza virus was isolated in 1933. Three immunological types of existing viruses A, B and C differ in protein M and nucleoprotein NP antigenic structures. Type A is the most variable, bacause of its frequent antigenic drifts and shifts. Some subtypes can be identified on the bases of surface glikoproteins: neuraminidase and haemagglutinin differences. Antibody levels against these antigens play crucial role in anti-influenza immunity. Vaccination against influenza has been introduced into Programme of Protective Immunisation in Poland since 1994. However in 1996-1997, large influenza epidemic was observed in Poland. Due to the great antigenic variability of the virus and short post vaccination immunity, vaccination should be performed every year with actualised antigenic composition preparation. Anti-influenza vaccination is recommended by WHO and ACIP as well as by Polish Epidemiological Committee. There are special recommendation for children immunisation, which is performed in Poland with the use of the following vaccines: Vaxigrip, Fluarix (split type) and Influvac (subunit vaccine). However, some contradictions to immunisation should be taken into consideration.

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