Z czego wynika powszechne występowanie alergii wśród dzieci?

*Grażyna Swincow, Mieczysława Czerwionka-Szaflarska, Anna Zawadzka-Gralec

Streszczenie
At present, allergic diseases are one of the most important problems of modern medicine. The significant increase of allergic diseases incidence has been noted during the last 20 years and allergic diseases became as epidemic in highly developed countries. The European White Allergy Book defines allegic diseases as the epidemic of the XXI century.
The risk factors concerning incidence of asthma, allergic rhinitis or other allergic diseases can be divided as:
? individual – they include genetic predisposition to develop allergic disease or hypersensitization
? environmental – they affect the probability of allergic disease development among predisposed persons.
Allergens and environmental factors were acknowledged as the most important causes of asthma in pathogenesis of allergic diseasaes.
This is a long time since the negative influence of environmental pollution on revealing and development of bronchial asthma in children was known.
Above all, the harmful effect of chemical environmental factors consists in direct irritating activity that causes increased local alergen penetration due to impaired function of the ciliary system and due to the changes of the bronchial secretion contents. These chemical environmental factors affect also the mechanisms responsible for IgE synthesis increase. The particularly harmful role is characteristic for ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, formaldehyde and tobacco that unfortunately is still very widespread in our life at present time.
There is an evident relationship between severe respiratory tract viral infections during early childhood (for example bronchiolitis caused by RS virus infection) and development of asthma during childhood. This relationship is based on the immune system balance disorder that is common for both processes (inhibition of the type I and stimulation of the type II immune response).
Acarina, animals´ allergens, common cockroach´s and fungi´s allergens are the allergens occurring inside the rooms and they affect asthma development in predisposed persons.
Nowadays, their significance is particularly increased due to the fact that the flats are warmed, heated, conditioned, humidified, but the floors are covered by carpets or linings (the ideal environment for Acarina, common cockroaches, moulds and fungi). Exposition to allergens occurring in the external environment, such as pollens of the trees, grass and weeds and also fungi´s allergens can cause development of allergic disease among predisposed persons or can cause the protraction of the allergic disease symptoms.
Nowadays, the suggestive, but not completely explained hypothesis of asthma as a ´civilisation disease´ is promoted. The increase of this disease incidence is connected with preventive vaccination, using antibiotics, ´excessive hygiene´, small amount of children in the family and also with ´sterilization´ of the natural environment to some extent.
It is still too early to assess it unequivocally, but many studies confirm these opinions.

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