Drogi oddechowe jako wrota zakażeń – interakcje gospodarz-patogen

*Maria Kozioł-Montewka

Streszczenie
The respiratory tract is regularly exposed to direct contact and transmission of environmental particles and common microbes during breathing. The anatomy of the respiratory tract and efficient defense mechanisms include many features which help to rid potential pathogens. Upper respiratory tract are colonized with normal flora and opportunistic bacteria which posses a wide array of strategies to evade clearance from the airways and potential virulence factors which help them to exist on the mucosa. The attachment of bacteria to mucosal surface is considered to be an important event in the asymptomatic colonization as well as in pathogenesis by production of epithelial damage. Biofilm formation which is recently recognized as playing a role in respiratory colonization and infection provides physical barrier to host defenses and resistance to antibiotic treatment. Bacterial colonization and infection are coordinated by Quorum sensing phenomenon which covers ability of bacteria to communicate and synchronize behavior via signaling molecules. Finally, bacterial infections of the respiratory mucosa represent a dynamic interaction, to which both host and bacterial factors contribute. A greater understanding of host-bacterial interactions should in the future, lead to the development of new therapies and treatment strategies.

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