Ciąża czy cukrzyca

*Barbara Golonko¹, Iwona Radziejewska²

Streszczenie
Diabetes (diabetes Mellitus – DM) is the collection of different, genetically determined and acquired metabolic disturbances, the result of which is increased level of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) in fasting state and after eating. Disturbances of carbohydrates tolerance are one of the more frequent and serious pregnancy complications.
Clinical symptoms of pregnant diabetes are little significant, not very intensive and only in slight part of events can represent diagnostic element. Diagnosis of GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) rests on, first of all, measurement of glucose concentration in blood. The importance of the early diagnosis of glucose intolerance in GDM should be considered in two aspects: its influence on the fetus development (where the heaviest complication is the intrauterine fetus necrobiosis, macrosomy and delivery complications that result from this) and the development of newborn (where very often it comes to postpartum hypoglycemia, complication in respiration and as a consequence to electrolytic disorders).
The treatment of women with GDM should be focused on prevention of fetus/newborn complications. The introduction to education program of diabetic nutrition in order to attain minimizing of mother hyperglycemia is essential. Insuline therapy (the patients with GDM, in which glucose concentrations are increased during diet applying) decreases the frequency of macrosomy and perinatal incidence. The alternative treatment in order to reduce fetus macrosomy can be modification of diabetic treatment in connection with introduction of movement treatment.

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