Rak jamy ustnej

*Agata Jarosławska-Zych, Krzysztof Kupisz

Streszczenie
The most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity is squamous cell carcinoma. The possible risk factors are: smoking tobacco, abusing alcohol, low level of oral hygiene, chronic pathological processes or irritation, deficiency of vitamins B. The precancerous conditions include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and lichen planus.
The most common localization is cancer of the tongue and cancer of the floor of the mouth.
Three morphologic growth type of squamous cell carcinoma occur: exophytic, ulcerative, and infiltrative.
Pain, dysphagia and otalgia are common but occur rather late in the course of disease so the diagnosis is frequently delayed. Physical examination is the most important for diagnosis. Computed tomography scan is helpful in assessing extension of tumor.
A variety of therapeutic methods are available for the management of the oral cavity cancer. The most important are surgical excision, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or combination of these methods.
Lymph node metastases are important prognostic factor for the oral cavity cancer. Management of the clinically negative cervical lymph node are still controversial.
After major ablative surgery patients with oral cancer require reconstruction procedure for restoration of function and better aesthetic result.
We review the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the oral cavity cancer.

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