The Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields on Osteogenesis

*Ewa Ogłodek¹, Danuta Mo?^{1, 2}

Summary
Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) which are applied in the treatment of humans are distinguished from various sorts of magnetic fields. They are magnetic fields of frequency not higher than 60 Hz, induction value ranging from 1 pT to 15 mT, with volume of 130 V/m, and both rectangular and triangular waveform of the magnetic field. The essential problem raised is the effect of the magnetic field on particular metabolic processes of living organisms. The long-term exposure of an organism to extremely low frequency magnetic fields intensifies the process of membrane transmission, resulting in morphological changes in the bone. The use of magnetic fields is gaining acceptance for the treatment of ununited fractures. As a reaction to the stress stimulus in the form of extremely low frequency magnetic fields activity, an increase of biosynthesis of cellular proteins and of transcription in a cell are observed and also changes in expression and differentiation of genes occur.
Extremely low frequency magnetic fields stimulate bone formation by promoting osteoblastic differentiation and activation. In the matrix development and mineralization stages, the calcium content in the matrix and two markers of osteoblastic phenotype (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) also showed a significant increase. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on osteogenesis.

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