Wpływ stężenia pyłu zawieszonego w powietrzu (PM2,5 i PM10) na nagłe zachorowania oraz zaostrzenia chorób przewlekłych u dzieci w aglomeracji krakowskiej, na podstawie zgłoszeń do Izby Przyjęć Wojewódzkiego Specjalistycznego Szpitala Dziecięcego (IP WSSzD) w Krakowie

*Karol Malec¹, Monika Bednarek^{1, 2}, Patrycja Bartkiewicz-Skrabania³, Natalia Piórowska¹

Summary
Introduction. Air pollution is a serious, growing problem in Poland. Inhaling polluted air in adults is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. What is the risk in children?
Aim. The aim of the study is to measure the impact of smog on children’s health, by analyzing the concentration of particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 impact on the admissions number in the acute respiratory condition to the voivodship children specialist hospital in Cracow (WSSzD).
Material and methods. Based on the documentation from the emergency department WSSzD admissions in the winter months (November-February), in which the dust emissions from the furnaces burning solid fuel is the largest, and in the summer months (May-August) with the lowest emissions were selected. The study included time periods: winter 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 and summer 2014. In total 2,643 children under 18 years of age were enrolled.
The correlation between the number of admissions and the arithmetic mean concentration of particulate matters was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results. During winter periods correlation between the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5, and the number of admissions was positive and statistically significant. Correlation confirmed the dependence of morbidity from the air pollution in Cracow. In summer period the result was not statistically significant: R = -0.14; p > 0.05.
Conclusions. The study confirmed the significant impact of smog on the health of the youngest residents of Cracow. The concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 has a direct impact on the number of exacerbations of respiratory disorders. The study also showed that the negative impact on health of solid fuels (furnace) is higher than the impact of vehicle exhaust.

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