Rola pielęgniarki szkolnej w promowaniu zdrowego stylu życia u uczniów

*Anna Stefanowicz¹, Marzena Kryszewska², Joanna Stefanowicz³, Maria Krajewska¹, Aneta Kołodziejska¹

Summary
Introduction. Promotion of health is a process aiming at the improvement and sustaining of human health. The process helps people to enjoy a bigger control over their health, as well as improve it.
Aim. 1. Assessment of the level of knowledge about health and factors influencing it among pupils. 2. Assessment of healthy behaviour of primary school pupils. 3. Assessment of the role a school nurse in the promotion of a healthy lifestyle in the opinion of the pupils themselves. 4. Assessment of body mass and length as basic measures indicating if one observes or not the principles of a healthy lifestyle.
Material and methods. The research was made in January 2013 among pupils of one of the primary schools in the commune of Kartuzy, Pomeranian Province. The method applied in the research was the diagnostic survey. During the research body mass and length of the pupils were measured.
Results. 80 children, aged 8-12 years, were embraced by the research. Their average age was 9.9 years, SD ± 1.47; median 10 years (min.-max. 8-12). 98% of the pupils lived in a rural area. Only 84% of pupils said that health is influenced by factors such as: rational nutrition, sufficient amount of sleep, personal hygiene and hygiene of the environment, physical activity, and stress. According to 58% of the pupils, lifestyle has the biggest influence on one’s health. As much as 25% of pupils do not know what is the pyramid of healthy diet. 36% of pupils do not eat regularly, 53% eat fruit daily, 34% drink mostly water, 40% spend their leisure time in front of a TV set. Half of the children (46%) believes that they are educated on healthy lifestyle at school. Only 5% of them acknowledged that a school nurse educates them, runnin classes in the field of health. As much as 80% of pupils declated their will to participate in such classes in an active way. Only 13% of pupils would address a nurse in emergency. Only 38% of pupils assessed their level of knowledge as good. 10% is overweight, while 6% suffers from obesity.
Conclusions. 1. Pupils of a rural primary school have insufficient knowledge on health and a healthy lifestyle. This fact needs to be improved – educational activity in this field is required. 2. Education in the field of health at schools is insufficient and requires a corrective action. The role of a school nurse as an educator should be ameliorated. Pupils declare their will to participate in classes promoting a healthy lifestyle run by a school nurse. 3. A large number of children in the research revealed unhealthy behaviour and habits violating the principles of a healthy lifestyle. 4. Overweight and obesity was revealed only in a low number of children in the research (6 and 10% of children respectively).

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