Aktualny stan wiedzy na temat hipotonii

© Borgis - Medycyna Rodzinna 6/2004, s. 246-250

Maciej Banach

Summary
When blood pressure decreases below 100/60 mmHg we can diagnose low blood pressure – hypotension. Problem of this condition concerns overall about 1-2% of adult population, however orthostatic hypotension occurs in about 5 to 10% of patients above 65 years of age. Low blood pressure is divided on primary (idiopathic), orthostatic and secondary hypotension. There are some specific symptoms met in patients with low blood pressure: increased sleepiness, weakness, syncopes, decreases physical efficacy, fatigability, concentration disorders, headaches, buzzing in the ears, dizziness, scotomas, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and cardiac symptoms – palpitation, retrosternal pain and pressure. Non-pharmacological methods are usually effective, otherwise pharmacotherapy should be implemented. There are only few groups of drugs operative in hypotension. Among them we should mention: Dihydroergotamin (DHE) – its effect is connected with increasing of venous vessels tension; sympaticomimetic drugs, e.g. etylefryna, which stimulates both receptors á- and â-adrenergic, midodryna (e.g. Gutron) or norfenefryna (e.g. Novadral) – which directly stimulate á-adrenergic receptors and mineralocorticoids (fludrocortison – e.g. Cortineff, Astonin H) – its effect is based on natrium retention, which influences on blood volume increase.

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