Częstość i uwarunkowania występowania erozji zębów w wieku rozwojowym

*Urszula Kaczmarek, Katarzyna Harłukowicz

Summary
Dental erosion is defined as pathologic, chronic, localized and painless loss of hard dental tissues which are removed superficially due to dissolution and/or chelation by acids nonbacterial origin leading to irreversible loss. The acids respossible for erosion are extrinsic (mainly dietary source) and intrinsic origin (gastrooesophageal reflux, vomitting) as well as resulting from occupational exposure.
The aim of the review was to a describe prevalence, etiological factors and determinants, clinical manifestation and prevention of dental erosion development in children and adolescents based on the papers published in the last 10 years. Moreover, the criteria of the commonly used indices for diagnosis of erosive lesions were described as well as chemical processes involved in dental erosion and modifying factors.
It was found that prevalence of the erosive lesions in primary dentition ranged from 5.7 to 98.4% and in permanent dentition from 5.5 to 56.1%. The wide range of the erosion frequency in deciduous and permanent dentition in various countries would be caused by differences in nutritional habits resulting from cultural dissimilarities and the age of the subjects. The other reason could be the differentiated criteria of the used erosion indices influencing the obtained data. A main causal factor of dental erosion development is frequent and overconsumption of acidic drinks and foods. However, the erosive potential of foodstuffs depends on not only the pH value, but also titratable acidicity, the type of acid and its concentration, chelation properties as well as content of calcium, phosphates and fluoride.

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