Parafunkcje niezwarciowe u dzieci i rodziców oraz ich wpływ na występowanie wad zgryzu u dzieci na podstawie badania ankietowego i klinicznego**

*Agnieszka Osmólska-Bogucka, Oktawian Buczek, Małgorzata Bilińska, Małgorzata Zadurska

Summary
Introduction: Parafunctions are destructive moving habits of masticatory apparatus’ muscles that are repeated frequently and unconsciously. Besides oral dysfunctions, caries complication and dental traumas, parafunctions are the most comman cause of acquired occlusion defects.
Aim: To determine the frequency and the influence of non-occlusal parafunctions in children and their parents on malocclusions’ occurrence in children.
Material and methods: The study involved 100 children (52 girls and 48 boys) aged between 9-12 years and their parents (82 mothers and 17 fathers). To analyze the frequency of non-occlusal parafunctions were used 2 types of questionnaires, which were prepared for the research. The questionnaires were completed by parents in the presence of a doctor. The first questionnaire was concerning parafunctions among children and the second was about oral habits among adults. Additionally, polish orthodontics diagnostics has been applied to identify malocclusion among children.
Results: Non-occlusal parafunctions were observed in 72 children (72%): 42 girls (72.4%) and 30 (62.5%) boys. The most common oral habits included biting foreign objects 44 children (61.1%) and nail biting 38 children (52.8%). The sample of 70 parents admitted performing parafunctional behaviours – the most common ones included biting foreign objects (41.7%) and nail biting (38.9%). Malocclusion was present in 82 children (82%): 40 girls (76.9%) and 42 boys (87.5%). Among children with dysfunctions, malocclusions were found in 70 (83.3%) patients: 36 (78.26%) girls, 34 (89.5%) boys.
Conclusions: The same non-occlusal parafunctions were determined in children and their parents. Oral habits were more frequent in girls than boys. Among children and parents the most common parafunctions were biting objects and nail biting. Parafunctions such as biting foreign objects and nail biting may be transmitted from parents to children in a process of internalization.

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