Nowotwory hormonozależne u kobiet

Anita Biela, *Joanna Pacholska-Bogalska

Summary
Hormonal regulation has a crucial role in the physiology of female genital system and mammary gland. Female sex hormones are responsible for the right course of such processes as proliferation, diferentiation or apoptosis of cells in tissues, like uterus, ovaries and breast. Experimental data show that hormones can be the factors of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer development. It is proved that they do not initiate the cancerogenesis directly but they can be the stimulators (estrogens, androgens, pituitary gonadotropins) or inhibitors of cancer promotion (progesterone). Higher level of gonadotropins, estrogens or androgens can be the risk factor of cancer development when in protooncogenes or suppressor genes mutations occur. Progesterone inhibits cells proliferation and can protect from cancer promotion. However, lower level of progesterone in opposite to estrogens, androgens and pituitary gonadotropins levels cannot stop cancer development. Hypothalamic gonadoliberin inhibits cancer cells proliferation, but also protects them from apoptosis.
To sum up, hormonal imbalance caused by higher levels of gonadotropins, estrogens and androgens and lower level of progesterone, increases the risk of cancer development in uterus, ovaries and mammary gland, when mutations in crucial cancerogenesis genes occur.

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